Friday, November 21, 2014

Scrum : Tools and Techniques for Estimating Tasks in a Scrum Project


The Scrum Core Team uses various tools and techniques such as Task Estimation Meetings, Estimation Criteria, Planning Poker, Fist of Five, etc. to estimate the effort required to accomplish each task in the Task List. When estimating tasks, the core team create the Effort Estimated Task List which is a list of tasks associated with the Committed User Stories included in the ensuing Sprint. Now, let us analyze some of the important tools used by the Scrum Core Team to estimate tasks. Here is an introductory video on estimating tasks: http://www.scrumstudy.com/watch.asp?vid=614

The first tool or technique is the Task Estimation Meeting. This meeting enables the Scrum Team to estimate the effort required to complete a task or set of tasks and to estimate the people effort and other resources required to carry out the tasks within a given Sprint. In Task Estimation Meetings, the Scrum Team members use the Task List to estimate the duration and effort for the User Stories to be completed in the Sprint.
One of the key benefits of this technique is that it enables the team to have a shared perspective of the User Stories and requirements so that they can reliably estimate the effort required. The information developed in the Task Estimation Meetings is included in the Effort Estimated Task List and it is used to determine the velocity for the Sprint. In this workshop, the Scrum Team may use various techniques such as decomposition, expert judgment, analogous estimation, and parametric estimation. Task Estimation Meetings are sometimes also referred to as "Sprint Planning Meetings" - such meetings may also be combined with Task Planning Meetings.

Next is Estimation Criteria. The primary objective of using Estimation Criteria is to maintain relative estimation sizes and minimize the need for re-estimation. Estimation Criteria can be expressed in numerous ways, with two common examples being story points and ideal time. For example, an ideal time normally describes the number of hours a Scrum Team member works exclusively on developing the project’s deliverables, without including any time spent on other activities or work that is outside the project. Estimation Criteria make it easier for the Scrum Team to estimate effort and enable them to evaluate and address inefficiencies when necessary.

Planning Poker is another technique that can be used to estimate tasks. Planning Poker, also called Estimation Poker, is an estimation technique which uses consensus to estimate relative sizes of User Stories or the effort required to create them. In Planning Poker, each team member is assigned a deck of cards. Each card is numbered in a sequence and the numbers represent complexity of the problem, in terms of time or effort, as estimated by the team member. The Product Owner chooses a User Story from the Prioritized Product Backlog and presents it to the team. The Scrum Team members assess the User Story and try to understand it better before providing their estimate for developing it. Then, each member picks a card from the deck that represents their estimate for the User Story. If the majority or all team members select the same card then the estimate indicated by that card will be the estimate for that User Story. If there is no consensus, then the team members discuss reasons for selecting different cards or estimates. After this discussion they pick cards again. This sequence continues until all the assumptions are understood, misunderstandings are resolved, and consensus or agreement is reached. Planning Poker advocates greater interaction and enhanced communication among the participants. It facilitates independent thinking by participants, thus avoiding the phenomenon of group think.

Another technique that can be used in this regard is Fist of Five. Fist of Five is a simple and fast mechanism to achieve consensus in a group and drive discussion. After initial discussion on a given proposal or a pending decision, the Scrum Team members are each asked to vote on a scale of 1 to 5 using their fingers. The value in using this technique is not only consensus building but also driving discussion because each team member is asked to explain the reason for their ranking. They are also given the opportunity to express any issues or concerns. Once the team has discussed it, a collective decision will be made. The number of fingers used to vote indicates the level of agreement and desire for discussion:

1.       One finger: I disagree with the group's conclusion and have major concerns.
2.       Two fingers: I disagree with the group's conclusion and would like to discuss some minor issues.
3.       Three fingers: I am not sure and would like to go with the group's consensus conclusion.
4.       Four fingers: I agree with the group's conclusion and would like to discuss some minor issues.
Five fingers: I wholeheartedly agree with the group's conclusion.

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